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4 Cassiopeiae X 2
4 Cassiopeiae
4 Cassiopeiae Lane
4 Cassiopeiae Equals

4 Cassiopeiae is a wide binary star system in the northern constellation of Cassiopeia, located approximately 790 light-years away from the Sun. It is visible to the naked eye as a faint, red-hued star with a baseline apparent visual magnitude of 4.96. Cassiopeia or Cassiepeia is the name given to several characters in Greek mythology. However, one is prevalent in the myths of ancient Greeks. Cassiopeia, the queen of Aethiopia, was the wife of King Cepheus, daughter of Coronus and Zeuxo. Also known as Alpha Cassiopeiae, Schedar is an orange giant around 230 light years from Earth and is the brightest star in the constellation, it has a mass around 4 times that of the sun and a radius around 40 times larger.

Facts

4 Cassiopeiae is a Giant Star type star. 4 Cassiopeiae is a M1III giant star based on the spectral type that was recorded in the Hipparcos star catalogue.
4 Cassiopeiae is not part of the Cassiopeia constellation outline but is within the borders of the constellation.
Based on the spectral type (M1III) of the star, the star's colour is red .
The star can be seen with the naked eye, that is, you don't need a telescope/binoculars to see it.
4 Cassiopeiae is a Binary or Multiple star system.
Using the most recent figures given by the 2007 Hipparcos data, the star is 785.94 light years away from us.
Flamsteed designations such as 4 Cassiopeiae are named after the creator, Sir John Flamsteed. Sir John named the stars in the constellation with a number and its latin name, this star's Flamsteed designation is 4 Cassiopeiae. The Flamsteed name can be shortened to 4 Cas. More details on objects' alternative names can be found at Star Names .

Location

The location of the giant star in the night sky is determined by the Right Ascension (R.A.) and Declination (Dec.), these are equivalent to the Longitude and Latitude on the Earth. The Right Ascension is how far expressed in time (hh:mm:ss) the star is along the celestial equator. If the R.A. is positive then its eastwards. The Declination is how far north or south the object is compared to the celestial equator and is expressed in degrees. For 4 Cassiopeiae, the location is 23h 24m 50.25 and +62° 16` 58.2 .

Radial Velocity and Proper Motion

Proper Motion

All stars like planets orbit round a central spot, in the case of planets, its the central star such as the Sun. In the case of a star, its the galactic centre. The constellations that we see today will be different than they were 50,000 years ago or 50,000 years from now. Proper Motion details the movements of these stars and are measured in milliarcseconds. The star is moving -12.44 ± 0.17 milliarcseconds/year towards the north and 12.29 ± 0.21 milliarcseconds/year east if we saw them in the horizon.

Radial Velocity

The Radial Velocity, that is the speed at which the star is moving away/towards the Sun is -38.98000 km/s with an error of about 0.13 km/s . When the value is negative then the star and the Sun are getting closer to one another, likewise, a positive number means that two stars are moving away. Its nothing to fear as the stars are so far apart, they won't collide in our life-time, if ever.

Physical Properties

Colour

Based on the star's spectral type of M1III , 4 Cassiopeiae's colour and type is red giant star. Based on the spectral type, we can deduce that the surface temperature of the star is in the order of between below 3,500K based on the notes from Harvard University. To put this in context, the temperature of our Sun is about 5,778 Kelvin as said by Google.

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4 Cassiopeiae Radius

4 Cassiopeiae estimated radius has been calculated as being 58.66 times bigger than the Sun. The Sun's radius is 695,800km, therefore the star's radius is an estimated 40,818,260.16.km. If you need the diameter of the star, you just need to multiple the radius by 2. However with the 2007 release of updated Hipparcos files, the radius is now calculated at being round 59.75. The figure is derived at by using the formula from SDSS rather than peer reviewed papers. It has been known to produce widely incorrect figures.

Apparent and Absolute Magnitudes

4 Cassiopeiae has an apparent magnitude of 4.96 which is how bright we see the star from Earth. Apparent Magnitude is also known as Visual Magnitude. If you used the 1997 Parallax value, you would get an absolute magnitude of -1.91 If you used the 2007 Parallax value, you would get an absolute magnitude of -1.95. Magnitude, whether it be apparent/visual or absolute magnitude is measured by a number, the smaller the number, the brighter the Star is. Our own Sun is the brightest star and therefore has the lowest of all magnitudes, -26.74. A faint star will have a high number.

Distance

Using the original Hipparcos data that was released in 1997, the parallax to the star was given as 4.23000 which gave the calculated distance to 4 Cassiopeiae as 771.07 light years away from Earth or 236.41 parsecs. If you want that in miles, it is about 4,532,831,666,500,686.16, based on 1 Ly = 5,878,625,373,183.61 miles.

In 2007, Hipparcos data was revised with a new parallax of 4.15000 which put 4 Cassiopeiae at a distance of 785.94 light years or 240.96 parsecs. It should not be taken as though the star is moving closer or further away from us. It is purely that the distance was recalculated.

Using the 2007 distance, the star is roughly 49,701,221.39 Astronomical Units from the Earth/Sun give or take a few. An Astronomical Unit is the distance between Earth and the Sun. The number of A.U. is the number of times that the star is from the Earth compared to the Sun. The star's Galacto-Centric Distance is 7,498.00 Parsecs or 24,455.73 Light Years. The Galacto-Centric Distance is the distance from the star to the Centre of the Galaxy which is Sagittarius A*.

Travel Time

The time it will take to travel to this star is dependent on how fast you are going. U.G. has done some calculations as to how long it will take going at differing speeds. A note about the calculations, when I'm talking about years, I'm talking non-leap years only (365 days).

The New Horizons space probe is the fastest probe that we've sent into space at the time of writing. Its primary mission was to visit Pluto which at the time of launch (2006), Pluto was still a planet.

Mach 1 is the speed of sound, Mach 2 is twice the speed of sound. Corncorde before it was retired was the fastest commercial airline across the Atlantic and only one that could do Mach 2.

Description	Speed (m.p.h.)	Time (years)
Walking	4	131,766,108,349.07
Car	120	4,392,203,611.64
Airbus A380	736	716,120,154.07
Mach 1	767.269	686,935,655.42
Mach 2	1,534.54	343,467,380.06
New Horizons	33,000	15,971,649.50
Speed of Light	670,616,629.00	785.94

4 Cassiopeiae brightness ranges from a magnitude of 5.067 to a magnitude of 5.029 over its variable period. The smaller the magnitude, the brighter the star. Its variable/pulsating period lasts for 0.0 days (variability).

Source of Information

The source of the information if it has a Hip I.D. is from Simbad, the Hipparcos data library based at the University at Strasbourg, France. Hipparcos was a E.S.A. satellite operation launched in 1989 for four years. The items in red are values that I've calculated so they could well be wrong. Information regarding Metallicity and/or Mass is from the E.U. Exoplanets. The information was obtained as of 12th Feb 2017.

Achird, otherwise known as Eta Cassiopeiae, is a binary star system located in the northern circumpolar constellation of Cassiopeia. Its binary nature was discovered in 1779, by William Herschel.

4 Cassiopeiae X 2

Key Facts & Summary

The Achird star system is situated at around 19.42 light-years away from the Sun.
The Achird star system is composed out of the primary star Eta Cassiopeiae A, and its companion Eta Cassiopeiae B.
The apparent magnitude of the stars is 3.44 / 7.51, and the absolute magnitude is 4.57.
The primary component, Eta C